Showing posts with label Social. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Social. Show all posts

Sunday, August 28, 2011

Tales of a First Year Medical Resident: Failure to thrive

'Failure to thrive' (FTT) has many definitions but it is essentially the inability of an infant or child, regardless of the cause, to gain sufficient weight to sustain growth.

I have an FTT infant on my service. He is literally skin and bones. He reminds me of the babies you see when world vision or some other NGO shows a video to raise funds for "the starving children in Africa." The only difference between my patient and these other children is he is dressed better. His weight and height are less than the 3rd percentile for his age. His head circumference is at the 75th percentile for his age. Babies heads are bigger than their bodies anyway, but this is a significant contrast.

His mom, his sole care provider, is what we call 'a difficult mother' mostly because every time the nurses feed the baby and he throws up she yells and when she feeds the baby and he throws up, she yells. She yells all the time. She is frustrated and upset with us because "we are not doing anything for my son." That in fact is untrue. Speaking of facts, let me mention a few.
Fact 1: The baby lost two pounds over a month at home, under his mother's care, became skin and bones, and it was not until he was referred to the ED by her baby's doctor that she brought him in for an intervention.
Fact 2: Since being with us (a total of 6 days) he has gained 0.34kg or 340g. Babies his age should gain 20g a day which would mean 120g in 6 days. He has actually gained much more than that, almost 3 times that amount which means something we are doing is working!!!!
Fact 3: We did some studies and found that he has significant reflux so we started him on medication and have thickened his feeds. He is still throwing up (mom told us he was doing this after every feed at home) but less so than he was at home (mother's own words).
Fact 4: I have repeatedly (almost daily) explained to mom the symptoms of reflux, and the goal of her son's hospital stay.

The baby's mother decided to have a 'yell at the doctor' session today. Who was the doctor? Your's truly. In fact she was yelling so loudly the nurse called security to ensure I was safe.

Her complaints: She's sick of being in the hospital with nothing being done for her baby. Nothing has changed he is still the same. She wants the specialist to come and take a look at him now because he threw up almost all of what he ate. She's transferring her baby to another hospital because we are not helping. We are blaming her for his weight loss.

Thankfully the baby's dad was there so I was able to speak to him and explain to him, like I had to mom every day for the last week, what we were doing, the improvement in his weight, the daily goal of caloric intake for his son, the symptoms of reflux, and why we were hesitant to jump to something more invasive when his son was indeed gaining weight. The last thing I explained to dad is that there are psychosocial elements to a baby's ability to thrive which my team and I had also spoken to mom about. If mom is depressed, anxious, unable to bond with her son, or has any medical conditions that prevent her from caring from her baby as she should, he will fail to thrive. Even the gastroenterologist had explained this to mom. We were not blaming her for his weight loss we were simply stating the facts and trying to counsel her about the effects on her baby.

Still mother wants to transfer her baby. What can I do? I am learning when to hand responsibility back to the parents/care-givers of each and every patient I have. So I explained to them it is important that the hospital they plan to go to calls us and let us know they would like to initiate the transfer before mom leaves the hospital with the baby. That way we can send over the appropriate documents. Otherwise if she walks out of the hospital she would be leaving the hospital against medical advice (AMA). Leaving the hospital AMA is never a good thing when there is evidence of improved health status of the patient in question. I have many question re: what happens in the home for my patient but my shift is over, I have taken work home with me once again and I need to get some studying done.

Until I return to work tomorrow if God wills it.

images from google images

Wednesday, August 10, 2011

Tales of a First year medical resident: Fracture in a pediatric patient

One of the important rules of Pediatrics is a fracture, old or new, visualized on an x-ray of a child has to be investigated. The first line of investigation is medical and key aspects of that are history taking and physical exam. If the medical team is unable to satisfy the cause of the fracture as a non-suspicious event then further prodding begins, often times ending with the involvement of child protective services. Such is the story of baby X.


Baby X is a 1 month old female with no significant medical history.


Mum notices one evening that her baby's toes are swollen. She and dad discuss coming to the ER but decide if the swelling does no go down, they will follow up with the baby's Pediatrician in the clinic the next day. The baby ends up getting admitted as a case of dactylitis (sausage digits) of unknown cause. Per the history from mother there is nothing of significance to explain the swelling; no trauma; no fever; no rash; no recent travel; no family history of joint swelling; uncomplicated birth history. In addition, mom states she is always close enough to the baby and would know if something happened. On physical exam the baby is perfect (not a medical descriptor) other than the swelling of digits. 


So the medical investigations to find the cause of the swelling begin: could it be an infection? what about some type of rheumatologic process? could it be an endocrine disorder? what about gout? There has been noted to be an association of dactylitis with pediatric tuberculosis, could it be that? All of these were ruled out with the relevant blood work and other testing. The next step is imaging so we do an xray of the feet and find fractures. 


After consulting with our child abuse specialist, child protective services are notified because this fracture has happened and there is no explanation. Enter detective work.


It turns out the baby has a 4 yr old sister who after being interviewed by the detective mentions she stepped on baby's feet while playing with him. The mechanism of injury has been identified. But the plot thickens. If Sister Y had indeed been the cause of the injury (which according to the Orthopedic specialist is entirely possible), why did baby X not have a crying fit sufficient enough to alert mum that something happened, especially if the mother is always close enough to the baby? Now the parents are being investigated for negligence and risk losing not just baby X, but 4yr old sister Y, and 10 yr old brother Z.

I'm not sure how to react. On the one side I understand the way the system works, unexplained fracture = bad thing. However, are mothers expected to attend to their babies 24/7, without stepping away? Should parents be blamed for every mishap that occurs? I know there are tons of children being abused with no one taking notice, but this situation just seems unfair...All three children have been followed faithfully by their Pediatricians with no issues. This is the first real event of significance that has happened to any of the children in that household. I would recommend that the mother be reprimanded for leaving her 4yr old alone with the baby, maybe even monitored for a few months with unannounced visits. The outcome of this case to me is a little extreme in its measure of 'justice.' But what do I know, I'm just an intern. 


All the characters in this story have been modified to protect the identity of the participants. All images taken from google images. 

Wednesday, May 26, 2010

He made it this far!!!

MI (Jude Abaga)
nominated for Best International Act at the BET Awards
Guess who is so not surprised? 
I knew he had it in him. 
And like I always tell him, 
this is just the beginning yo! 

Wednesday, March 03, 2010

Who shall lead us? He who is opposite to the one who led before...

In Nigeria, a leader is chosen 
not by the people's vote, 
not by having the proper qualifications, 
not even by being the best at political bs. 
No, that is too much for my people. 
In Nigeria, leaders are decided by three things:
First, he who buys the most votes is the people's choice 
Next, he who has the most access to gun-carrying drug-crazed 
willing-to-do-anything-for-money area boys is chosen in the name of fear 
Last but definitely not the least, 
the part of the country that did not produce the last leader 
is thought to have a "right to rule now" 
This by default factors in a decision based on 
which religion ruled last and longest.
Not good governance
and definitely not what is good, fair and right

When my people will enough be enough?  

Thursday, February 11, 2010

On this day 20 yrs ago

Nelson Mandela was freed

With his freedom one of the biggest symbols of Apartheid's reign was shattered. 
Nobel laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu exhorted South Africans to use the day to remember the long road the country had travelled since 
(AFP February 11, 2010). 
 Tutu was also quoted as saying though a lot had been achieved, 
there was still more to be done. 

With every victory comes the work of maintaining the gift bestowed. 
Photos from: AFP online, BBC.com




Monday, January 18, 2010

In Remembrance


Martin Luther King Jr.: I have a dream

"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character."
Martin Luther King Jr.

Another Jos Riot...


20 Feared Killed in Another Jos Riot

From Seriki Adinoyi in Jos and Yemi Akinsuyi in Abuja, 01.18.2010


The fragile peace in Jos, Plateau State, collapsed last Sunday when another riot broke out in Dutse-Uku quarters in Nasarawa-Gwong area of Jos North local government, leading to the death of at least 20 people and leaving many injured.

THISDAY gathered that the state Governor Jonah Jang has imposed a dusk-to-down curfew to contain the situation. A statement released by the government house read: “after reviewing the security situation along with the state security council, we have directed the observance of 6pm to 6am curfew within Jos metropolis.
“The measure is aimed at nipping in the bud the prevailing security situation in Jos town so that hoodlums will not take advantage of the security breach to molest innocent citizens.”
The latest bout of violence occurred following a misunderstanding between two neighbours, one Mr. Garba, a Muslim and the other a Christian who both had their houses burnt during the November 2008 crisis.

THISDAY learnt that they decided to re-build their homes when Garba allegedly encroached on the plot of his Christian neighbour, a development that resulted into a hot argument and then a fight.
The entire quarters re-grouped along religious lines and began a riot that spread to other parts of the city.

Security agencies; heavily armed military personnel and riot policemen were drafted from the Maxwell Kobi Cantonment and Police Headquarters in Jos. The crisis was effectively contained thereby preventing the rioters from taking over the entire city.
As at press time, commercial vehicles had deserted major roads in Jos. Stranded commuters, most of whom were Christians coming back from the church were seen trekking long distances to their homes.  Scores of armoured tankers and heavy security road-blocks were mounted in the city coupled with thorough search of the few private vehicles plying the roads.

The state government in a statement by the Commissioner for Information, Mr. Greg Yelong, said: “the police and other security agents are putting the situation under control.”
“Government appeals to people to remain calm and report any suspicious movement to the police,” the statement added.

Two burnt bodies and a motor-bike were seen around the Jos Central Mosque. Staff of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) also confirmed that at least eight bodies were brought to the mortuary. The same picture was painted at the Plateau State Specialist Hospital where over 30 wounded patients were on the floor.
Police Public Relations Officer (PPRO), Mr. Moha-mmed Lerama, said: “the situation is being contained. Other residents of the town are advised to remain calm and report any suspicious movement. Anyone who takes the law into his or her hand would be dealt with in accordance with the law. Residents should equally disregard any rumour of crisis in the city.”

Meanwhile, the state Police Commissioner, Mr. Greg Ayating, revealed that 35 arrests had been made, five of them in military uniform.
 He explained that the extent of houses and churches burnt could not be ascertained as yet and that the police would want to work with definite statistics. But he said the information available to him is that “a hand-full of some Muslim youths without any form of provocation began to attack the Christians worshippers in their places of worship”.

 Meanwhile, as part of efforts to bring peace to the boiling city of Jos, the Inspector General of Police (IG) Ogbonna Onovo, has ordered the immediate redeployment of four mobile units to quell the crisis.
Speaking on behalf of the IG yesterday evening in Abuja, Deputy Force Public Relations Officer, Mr. Yemi Ajayi, a Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP), said normalcy had since returned to the city.

Ajayi said the cause of the riot was yet to be ascertained, as well as the number of the causalities.

Thursday, January 14, 2010

Help for Haiti! Every little helps!


Looking for ways to give to Haiti? 
If in USA you can text YELE to 501501 to donate $5 (yele.org), 
and/or text HAITI to 90999 to donate $10 (redcross.org). 
Every little hleps!




Wednesday, January 13, 2010

Beni Swa Leternel

Prayers with and for Haiti
NewYork TImes Slideshow

...
Then the singing began.
Those gathered outside tents, on lawn chairs,
sitting in the middle of empty streets, sang their hymns.
One phrase in Creole could be heard repeatedly both inside and outside the hospital walls,
as if those voicing the words were trying to make sense of the madness around them.
“Beni Swa Leternel,” they sang. “Blessed be the Lord.”
Article by Simon Romero
The New York Times

Tuesday, January 05, 2010

Naija Wahala


"Abdulmutallab's behaviour is not reflective of Nigeria and should therefore not be used as a yardstick to judge all Nigerians... He was not influenced in Nigeria, he was not recruited or trained in Nigeria, he was not supported whatsoever in Nigeria." Information Minister Dora Akunyili
BBC.COM

 Photos from: Masslive.com